![]() ![]() This time, Rome destroyed the capital city of Carthage in modern-day Tunisia and enslaved the city’s inhabitants. “And that’s very different from what they were doing even in the third century.” Conquering Territory in North Africa Yet by the time it entered the Third Punic War, “Rome has definitely decided that it is just going to take territory,” he says. Again, Rome defeated Carthage and conquered some of its territory, this time in Spain. During the Second Punic War, Rome found itself on the defense as the Carthagian general Hannibal and his elephants marched over the Alps and south into Italy. “The First Punic War is something that they kind of stumble into, but they’re happy to take territory as a result of it,” Watts says.Īfter Rome pushed Carthage out of Sicily in the first war, the Italian island became Rome’s first foreign province. Taking this new territory wasn’t something Rome had initially intended to do. Student Walkouts Ignited the Chicano Movement READ MORE: Why Ancient Rome Needed Immigrants to Become Powerful Roman Conquests Reach Overseas Still, it never extended citizenship to the many enslaved people in Italy obtained through trade, piracy, wars and other means. Later, in the first century B.C., it extended Roman citizenship to all free people. ![]() “The absorption of Italy was actually an absorption it wasn’t supposed to be a colonial regime,” he says. Over the next two-and-a-half centuries, Rome spread throughout the Italian Peninsula by conquering territories and either making them independent allies or extending Roman citizenship. The conquest of Veii was “a big turning point for because they take over a territory that’s half the size of the territory they already have,” Watts says. Instead of destroying Veii, the classicist Mary Beard argues the Romans largely let the city continue operating as it had before, only under Roman control and with the understanding that Rome could conscript free men for the Roman army. The republic’s first significant expansion came in 396 B.C., when Rome defeated and captured the Etruscan city of Veii. Even so, Rome was still relatively small by the time it transitioned from a kingdom to a republic in 509 B.C. ![]()
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